Electric switch and system of control.



J. V. MOTT. ELEGTRIG SWITCH AND SYSTEM OF CONTROL APPLICATION FILEDFEB.2,1907.

Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 W/TNESSES: 7 VE/VTOR /%M6. f/zt W J. V. MOTT.

ELEGTRIG SWITGH AND SYSTEM 015 CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.2,1907.

Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

witnesses @513 $2 Q] Ho-r er d1 JOSEPH VARNUM MOTT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC SWITCH AND SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

Application flled February 2 1907. Serial No. 355,386.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, J osnrn VARNUM MoTT, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of thecity, county, and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Electric Switches and Systerms ofControl, of which the following is a specification.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a motor control ada tedto start, stop, reverse or vary the speerf of an electric motorautomatically and cause it to accord in operation with the variousrequirements of use. p

Another object'is to roduce an apparatus which will obviate or essen thesudden jar when the speed of a, motor is reversed or when the speedis-changed.

Other objects will appear from the hereinafter description.

These ob ects are carried ratus hereinafter described.

The invention in itspreferred form and as herein illustrated includes,in addition to the motor and a suitable source of electric ena pluralityof partial circuits com rising erent resistances and a pluralit o gravit-controllable pivotallymounte switches out by the appaw ich are operatedsynchronousl and'are each provided with a mobile con uctor and apluralit of terminals respectively connected with the resistances; theseparts bearing such cooperative relation with each other that movement ofthe switches will operate,

through the mobile conductors and'saidter-' minals, to complete thecircuit through the motor in either direction, according with thedirection of movement of the switches, and to include in said circuitmore or less resistan'ce, or to exclude from said circuit all theresistance elements, according to theextent of movement of the switches.

Such a system as herein disclosed is especially adapted for use insituations wherein the parts are carried by a rolling or oscillato meansandare connected with and opera e a device or element which it isdesired to maintain in a predetermined position; the switch mechanism insuch event being operated by the rolling or oscillatory movement of saidmeans, to control the operation of the motor which in turn operates tomaintain said device or element 1n itspredeterniined position. Thus,among other possible uses, may be mentioned its a plicability to themaintenance in horizonta or level position, of tables or bunks on boarda ship, notwithstanding the rollin or oscillatory movements of the vesseIn such event, the switch mechanism being turned pivotally by themovement of the ship, a distance proportionate to and in a directionaccording with such movement, will cause the motor to operateat a speedproportionate to the extent of the turning movement ofthe switchmechanism and in a direction according to that of the same, thuseffectively lcounteractin the tendency of the table or bunk to tilt withthe vessel, or restoring it to its level or horizontal position if ithas lost the same when the vessel is tilted.

The invention consists in certain novel combination of parts and incertain peculiarities in the construction of elements substantially ashereinaftergdescribed and particulariy pointed out in the subjoinedclaims.

he accompanying drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment of theinvention, and in said drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of theswitch mechanism showing the same in the position wherein it breaks thecircuit to the motor. Fig. 2 is a. similar view of the switch mechanism,showing the same tilted to one side and in its closes the circuit in onedirection throu h the motor and includes in said circuit all t eresistance elements. Fig. 3 s a similar view of the switch mechanism,showing a position thereof wherein it closes the circuit in the reversedirection through the motor and cuts out a part of the resistance fromsaid circuit. Fig. 4 is a similar view of the switch mechanism, showingit tilted in the same direction as in Fi 3, but to a greater extent andexcluding a l resistance from the circuit. Fig. 5 is a plan view of theswitch mechanism, and Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the system.

Thesame characters of reference indicate the same parts in the severalviews.

The system comprises, as already stated, a suitable source of electricalenergy, herein shown as a battery E, a suitable motor, as D, a pluralityof partial circuits, comprising suitable resistances, herein shown asrheostats C, C, C C C C C and C, and a switching mechanism adapted tocomplete osition wherein it 7 said partial circuits, severally, and toinclude predetermined resistances therein, or to exclude all resistancetherefrom, and also adapted to control and reverse the direction of flowof the current through the motor.

As herein shown, and as preferred, the

switching mechanism com rises two mem-' bers or switches A and-B,ivotally mounted on a suitable base or stan ard A, at A and adapted tobe tilted by gravity in either direction from the horizontal. Each ofthese switches has a centrally disposed depending tubular leg A and anupper or main tubular I portion A which projects laterally in oppositedirections from said leg and is preferably slightly bent. The mainportions of the members are provided on opposite sides of the axis ofturning movement thereof with a plurality of terminals, of which thoseon one side are designated 0., a a, b, If, bt, while those on the otherside are designated 0 a of", b, 5 b Certain of these terminals areconnected with the rheostats C to C respectively, in such manner as toselectively include the latter in the circuits, whileothers of theterminals exclude all, the rheostats from the circuits. 1

The rheostats referred to are mounted in pairs for each switch.Rheostats C and C constitute one air for the switch B," and rheostats Qan C constitute the complementary pair for the switch A; while rheostatsC and C constitute a second pair for the first mentioned switch B, andrheostats C and C constitute the complementary air thereof for the.second switch A. The r eostats 0 and (3 are connected with each other bya wire 4 and the former is connected with the terminal b by a wire 3.

Rheos'tat Q is connected with the complementary terminal a by a wire 15and with rheostat C by wire Q14. Rheostat C is connected with terminalscribed, the rheostats C, C,

b by'a wire 25 and with rheostat C by a wire 2 6 and rheostat C isconnected with termirial-a by wire wire 30.

There are certain .electrical connections of the switches with eachother and the battery and motor, illustrated in the drawings and 31 andwith rheostat C by hereinafter pointed out in detail, whereby inconnection with the, arra ements just 'de-' and C are connected inseries when the circuit is completed through the terminals 5 and 0 thusoperating the motor in one direction, and at a comparatively lowspeed'because of the relatively high resistance thus includedin thecircuit; and .whereby further the rheostats C, C, C and C are connectedin series,

scarce res ectively connected with rheostats C and C y wires 35 and 36.Thus, when the circuit is completed through terminals 5 and c theresistances C and C are shunted, increasing the speed of the motor, andthis is simi larly true when the circuit is completed through terminals6 and a the corresponding resistances C and C being then cut out of thecircuit. The other terminals a? and a and b and b are illustrated asarranged at the ends of the main tubular members of the switches, andare so arranged in the circuit connections that when the circuit iscompleted through one pair, as aand. 6 all the described rheostats willhe cut out and the motor will be caused to run in one direc tion at arelatively high speed; and when the a and b all the describedresistances be cut out of the circuit and the motor will be caused torun at a high speed in the direction op osite to that just referred to.v

n the form of switches herein illustrated it is desirable or necessaryto employa suitable conducting means of mobile character, such asmercury, for completing the circuit through the various terminals.v Sucha conducting element or means is illustrated at A and B in therespective switches, and it fills the legs A thereof and extends up intothe same to a predetermined level which is such that when the switchesare in their normal or level positions the mobile conductors will befree of'contact with any of the terminals, the circuits at this timebeing open and the motor at rest. Should, however, the switches betilted the conductors A and B will be caused thereby to flow in theirrespective tubes to one or the other side, according to the direction ofsuch tilting movecircuit is completed through the other air,

ment, and will successively ,make contact with all, .or only certain, ofthe terminals at the side towards which the switches have been tilted,according to the extent'of such movement. Extending into the mercuryareterminals from binding posts 2 and 16, respectively, the former ofwhich is illustrated as connected with the positive pole of the batteryE by means of a wire 1 while the latter is shown in the diagram asconnected with the field magnet D of the motor D by wires 17 and 19 andbinding post 18. To avoid or reduce liability of sparking, the air maybe exhausted from the tubular portions of the switches.

' It is to beunderstood that the number of terminals shown is merelyillustrative and may be reduced or increased without departmg from thespirit of the invention, and that the details shown, even thoughrestrictively described, are not essential to the invention in the broadaspect thereof in which the same is set forth in some of the*suhjei'ned".

claims. Such details, however;' 'i l1us'trate what I now regard as thepreferred embodi- 13 ment of my invention and are advantageous. Theyare, therefore, included in'othere of the sub oined claims.

'The operation of the device is as follows: When the switch mechanism isin what may be arbitrarily termed a normal position,

herein shown as horizontal, all. of the cir-' follows: Leaving thepositive pole of the battery E by way of the wire 1, the current travelsto the binding post 2 on the switch B, thence through the mobileconductor B to the terminal I), and by wayof the wire 3 to the rheostatC and through the same and wire 25 to rheostat C,

by the wire 4 to the rheostat O; thence by the wire 5, binding post 6and wire 7 to the upper brush 8 of the motor D, and, by way of thecommutator d and lower brush 9 and wire 10, to the binding post 11;thence by the Wires 12 and 13 it flows to the rheostat G which it leavesby way of the wire 14 and flows through the rheostat 0 from which ittraverses the wire 15, terminal a, mobile conductor A, binding post 16,wire 17, binding post 18, wire 19, field magnet D, wire 20, binding post21 and wire 22, back to the battery E. If, however, the direction oftilting movement of the switch mechanism be to the right, instead of tothe left, to the extent immediately above referred to, so as to producecontact between the mobile conductors A and B and the terminals a and bonly, the course of the current will be as follows: Leaving the batteryby way of the wire 1,, the current flows to the binding post 2, thenceby way of the mobile conductor B to the terminal I by thrQllgh thelatter and by wire 26, to rheostat O thence by wires 27 and 28 tobinding post 11, thence by wire 10 to the lower brush 9. of the motor,thence by commutator (1, brush 8 and wire 7 to binding post 8.; thencebywire 29 to rheostat C, thence by wire 30, rheostat O and wire '31 toterminal a, and through the mobile conductor A, binding post 16, wire17, binding post 18, wire 19.,- magnet D, Wire 20, binding post 21 andWire 22 to the batter In either case the motor is run at a re ativelylow speed, including in the circuit four resistance elements, but in thetwo cases it runs in opposite directions with respect to each other, thedlrectlon of the current being in reverse directions through the same.Thus, in the first-assumed example, the rheostats ,C, C, C- and O areincluded in the circuit, and the current flows through the motor frombrush 8 to brush 9; while in the second example, the rheostats C, C ,.C"and C are included in the circuit and the direction of flow of currentthrough the'motor'is from the brush 9 to the brush 8. Now, assumin thatthe movement of the switches to t e right continues until the terminals(1 and 5 also are immersed in the mobile conductors A and B, it will beapparent that the rheostats C and (3 are cut out of the circuit, thusreducing the resistance and increasing the speed of the motorproportionately to the increased degree of tilting or extent of movementof the switches. In this position of the parts the current reaches thebrush 9 of the motor by way, successively, of wire 1, binding post 2,mobile conductor B, terminal 6 wire 35, rheostat C wires 27 and 28,binding post 11 and wire 10; and from the brush 8 of the motor it flowsback to the battery passing, successively, through wire 7, binding post8, wire 29, rheostat C, wire 30, wire 36, terminal a, mobile conductorA, binding post 16, wire 17, binding post 18, wire 19, magnet D, wire20, binding post 21 and wire 22. ing of the switches be to the left, andsuch that the terminals 1) and a instead of the terminals 1) and a beimmersed, the rheostats C and C will be cut out of the circuit, thecurrent in such case flowing as follows over wire 1 to post 2, throughmobile con ductor B to terminal 6 through wires 40 and 4, rheostat 0post 6 throu h wire 7 to brush 8, through commutator g to brush 9,through wire 10 to binding post 11, through wires 12 and 13, rheostat Cwires 14 and 41, terminal a, mobile conductor A, binding post 16, wire1?, binding 0st 18, wire 19, magnet D, wire, 20, binding post 21 andwire 22' to battery. Now, if such movement of the switches in eitherdirection be continued until the and contacts a and b or a and b beimmersed in the mobile conductors, all of the rheostats will be cut outof the circuit and this further reduction of resistance will cause themotor to run still faster than under an of the previously notedconditions. T us, assuming that the movement of the switches is to theleft, so that the terminals a and b are immersed, the cir' cuit will beasfollows over wire 1, binding post 2, mobile conductor B, terminal 12wire 5, binding post 6, wire 7, brush 8, commutator (1, brush 9, wire10, binding post 11, Wire 12, terminal a mobile conductor A, bindingpost 16, wire 17 binding post 18, wire 19, magnet D, wire 20, bindlngpost 21, and wire 22 to batter And, if such movement of the switches b eto the right, the current will traverse the following course, to wit:wire 1, binding post 2, mo-

Similarly, if the direction of tiltand wire 5 to binding magnet D, wire20, binding post 21 and wire 22 to battery.

it will be evident from the foregoing that not only is the speed anddirection of the movement of the motor automatically regulated by thesimple means hitherto described but also that said means in the passingof the switch from the position in which the circuit is open to that inwhich all resistance is cut out, also operates to cutout the resistance'radually, and conversely in passing from t e last named position to theinoperative one, gradually cuts in resistance, and if its movement becontinued to the op osite side, it both reverses the direction of ow ofthe current through the motor and gradually cuts out resistance untilthe motor has a tained the requisite speed roportionate to the extent oimovement o? the switches.

in the application of the principle and mechanism named, to themaintenance of tables or bunks, for example, level on shipboard, it willbe apparent that the switches being responsive to the rollin movement ofthe vessel will automatically tilted thereby towards the side whichaccords with such movement and to an extent proportionate thereto, thuscausing the motor to be operated in the direction corresponding to therolling movement of the vessel and rapidly if the movement beconsiderable, and slowly if it be slight; and further, causing the motorto stop when the vessel and conse uently the switches attain a levelposition. uch movement of the motor, therefore, is adapted efiectuall tocounteract the tendency of the table or unit to tilt with the vessel,thus maintaining the same in level position, the advanta es of which areapparent.

It will, of course, be'understood that a Series of tables or bunks maybeconnected with a single motor, if desired, and further that the systemherein shown and claimed is not restricted in its usefulness to itsemplo merit as a means for maintaining such articles in level position,but in its entirety,

or in respect of elements or parts included therein, may be otherwiseemployed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

scarce specific features of the invention herein set forth and allstatements of the sco e of the invention, which, as a matter of anguage,mi ht be said to fall there between;

aving now described-my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. A system of control, comprising a source of electric energy, anelectric motor in circuit therewith, and a pole changing gravityoperating switch mechanism having means wherecy it includes variableresistance in the circuit between the motor and source of energy.

2. A system of control, comprising a source of electric energy, anelectric motor, partial circuits between the motor and source of ener y,and a pole changing switch mechanism wi ich is responsive to rollingmovements and is adapted to be tilted thereby in either direction and toselectively and successively close partial circuits according with thedirection of the tilting movement.

3. A. system of control, comprising an electric motor, a source ofelectric energy therefor, a plurality of partial circuits arranged inoperative relation with the motorand source of energy, prescribedresistance included in said circuits, and a gravity oper- 'atedswitching means adapted-to open and close said circuits in automaticsuccession to produce a varying and directional flow of currentaccording with the direction and extent of movement of said switchi 1means.

4. A system or control, comprising an electric motor, a source ofelectric energy therefor, a plurality of partial circuits arzranged inoperative relation with the motor and source of energy, prescribedresistance included in said circuits, and a gravity actuable switchimeans having a plurality of terminals an a mobile conducting meansadapted to open and close said circuits in automatic succession toproduce a varyin and directional flow of current according wit its thedirection and extent of movement of said switching means.

5. A system of control, comprising an electric motor, a source ofelectric ener circuit connections between the same, a p urality ofseries of resistances, each having a lurality of resistance elementsadapted to be mcluded in series in, and partially and wholly excludedfrom the circuit to thez,;'motor, successivel and a gravity operatinpole changing switc g mechanismv provi edwith means wherem bly itcontrols the inclusion of said resistance e e ments.

6. A system of control, comprising an elec- 1 true motor, a source ofelectric ener circuit connections between the same, a p urality ofseries of resistances, each havin a plurality.

of resistance elements adapts to be included in series in, and part allyand wholly excluded from the circuit to 'the motor, sue J30 scarescessively, and a gravity actuable pole changing switehin mechanismrovided with means wherefiy it controls t e inclusion of said resistanceelements.

7 A system of control, comprising an electric motor, a source ofelectric ener y, circuit connections between the same, a p urality ofseries of resistances, each having a plurality of resistance elementsadapted to be included in series in, and partially and wholly eX- eludedfrom the circuit to the motor, successively, and a gravity actuable )olechanging switching mechanism provided with a mobile conducting means andthe terminals of said circuit connections, whereby it controls theinclusion of said resistance elements.

8. A system of control, comprising an electric motor, a source ofelectric ener y, circuit connections between the same, a p urality ofseries of resistances each having a plurality of resistance elementsarranged in series, a"

partial shunt connection around one of each of said elements thusassociated, and a gravity actuating pole changing switching mechanismprovided with means whereb it controls the inclusion of the resistance eements.

9. A system of control, comprising an electric motor, a source ofelectric ener y, circuit connections between the same, a p urality ofseries of resistances each having a plurality of resistance elementsarranged in series, a partial shunt connection around one of each ofsaid elements'thus associated, and a gravity actuable pole changingswitching mechanism provided with means whereb it controls the inclusionof the resistance'e ements.

10. A system of control, comprising an electric motor, a 'source ofelectric ener y, circuit connections between the same, a p urality ofseries of resistances each having a plurality of resistance elementsarranged in series, a partial shunt connection around one of each ofsaid elements thus associated, and.

a gravity-actuable ole changing switching mechanism provide with mobileconducting means and terminals whereby it controls the inclusion of theresistance elements.

11. A system of control, comprising a gravity controlled switchmechanism mount= ed pivotally and adapted to be tilted in eitherdirection, and provided internally with a mobile conductor and aplurality of terminals at each side of its center.

12. A system of control, comprising a pivotally mounted switch mechanismhaving a depending leg and terminals above the plane of the leg, and amobile conductor adapted when the switch is tilted to fiow from said legand make contact with the terminals.

13. in a system of control, a switch mechanism, comprising a pluralityof pivotally mounted and connected switches, each having a pluralityof-terminals and a mobile conductor therein.

14. In a system of control, a switch mechanism comprising a pluralit ofivotally mounted and connected switc es adizpted to tilt in eitherdirection and each provided internally with a mobile conductor and aplurality of terminals at each side.

15. In a system of control, a switch mechanism, comprising a pluralityof pivotally mounted and connectedswitches, each having a depending legand a set of terminals above and at each slde of said leg, and a mobileconductor adapted to flow from said leg anil make contact with eitherset of termina s.

16. In a system of control, a source of electric energy, a motor,circuit connections between the source of ener y and motor, and a gravitcontrolled pole cd'ianger provided internal y with a mobile conductor,said oncuit connections having terminals through which the circuit iscompleted by said conductor.

1 7 In a system of control, a source of electric energy, a motor,circuit connections between the source of ener y and motor, and agravity controlled pole c anger comprising a plurality of connectedpivotally mounted switches, each provided internally with a mobileconductor, said circuit connections having terminals through which thecircuit is completed by said conductor.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand at the city, county andState of New York, this 31st day of January, 1907.

JOSEFH VARNUM MOTT.

In. presence ol ALLAN N. Foosa, JOHN J. RANAGAN.

